Financing innovation: an historical approach

Par Jean Matouk

n° 6, 2010/2, pages 147 à 161

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Rafik Abdesselam
Roberto Abramovich
Laurent Adatto
Óscar Afonso
Munshi Naser Ibne Afzal
Gulzar Ahmad
Chloé Alexandre
Laurice Alexandre-Leclair
Miguel Alfaro
Steve Allen
Alexandre Almeida
Adeline Alonso Ugaglia
Amaya Altuzarra
Ariana Alva-Ferrari
André Cherubini Alves
Chantal Ammi
Amina Amri
Wilfried Andlauer
Chloé Anselmo
Laurent Antonczak
Davide Antonioli
Camille Aouinait
Francesco Appio
Francesco P. Appio
Mitra Arami
Daniele Archibugi
Nabila Arfaoui
Nicolás Argüello
Ezgi Ari
Amal Aribi
Fatima Arif
Rigas Arvanitis
Blandine Arvis
Kinfe Asayehegn
Arvind Ashta
Divya Ashta
Nikos A. Aspragathos
Djamchid Assadi
Serap Atakan
Amel Attour
Glyn Atwal
Mathilde Aubry
Sarah Audouin
Cécile Ayerbe
Qaria Aziz

Lucy Badalian
Tony Bailetti
Christine Balagué
Justine Ballon
Houssein Ballouk
Pierre Barbaroux
Pierre Barbaroux
Denise Barbieux
Dominique Barjolle
Pierre-Jean Barlatier
Yves Barlette
Anna Bastone
Anna Bastone
Nicolas Battard
Patricia Baudier
Marc Baudry
Lukas Bäuerle
Yoann Bazin
Catherine Beaudry
Noémie Bechtet
Audrey Becuwe
Fateh Belaïd
Sophia Belghiti-Mahut
Joseph R. Bell
Renaud Bellais
Pietro Beltramello
Sami Ben Jabeur
Adel Ben Khalifa
Ibticem Ben Zammel
Mickael Benaim
Christophe Bénaroya
Cristiane Benetti
Danièle Bénézech
Lina Benis
Ramzi Benkraiem
Liliane Bensahel
Faouzi Bensebaa
Céline Bérard
Philippe Béraud
Bastien Bernela
Fabian Bernhard
Fabian Bernhard
Sarra Berraies
Alexandre Berthe
Marco Bertilorenzi
Angèle Bilodeau
Corinne Blanquart
Bertrand Bocquet
Rachel Bocquet
Rachel Bocquet
Kristina Bogner
Vincent Boly
Eric Bonjour
Vincent Karim Bontems
Jean-Philippe Bootz
Florent Bordot
Olivier Bouba-Olga
Patrick Bouchet
Yasmine Boughzala
Yasmine Boughzala
Yasmine Boughzala
Fehmi Bouguezzi
Jean-François Boujut
Jean Bourdariat
Mario Bourgault
Sophie Boutillier
Ornella Boutry
Christophe Boya
Charlene Boyom
Gerardo Breard
Alexander Brem
Joe Brewer
Mark Broude
Eric Brouillat
Philippe Brunet
Pauline Brunner
Douglas Bryson
Tobias Buchmann
Thierry Burger-Helmchen
Lawrence Busch
Anna Butzin

Katy Cabaret
Ludivine Calamel
Stéphane Callens
José Antonio Camacho Ballesta
José Camacho
Mauricio Camargo
Uwe Cantner
Ignasi Capdevila
Andrea Caporuscio
Elias G. Carayannis
Alice Carle
Christoph Carlen
Marie-Laurence Caron-Fasan
Marie Carpenter
Vanessa Casadella
Cornelia Caseau
Sylvaine Castellano
Annick Castiaux
Laurence Cazabon-Sansfaçon
Ricardo H. Cavazos Cepeda
Didier Chabaud
Denis Chabault
Mathieu-Claude Chaboud
Tarik Chakor
Isabelle Chalamon
Sandra Challita
Cristina Chaminade
Tamara Chamsoutdinova-Stieven
Valérie Chanal
Victor Chang
Sabine Chaupain-Guillot
Danièle Chauvel
Hela Chebbi
Philippe Chereau
Sofiane Cherfi
Danilo Christen
Miltiadis Christopoulos
Joëlle Cicchini
Carole Clavier
Enrico Luca Clementi
David Clingingsmith
Éric Coatanéa
Mariline Comeau-Vallée
Mark Conley
Franck Cormerais
Rodrigo Costamagna
Hamidou Coulibaly
Jerry Courvisanos
Elizabeth Couzineau-Zegwaard
Jérôme Creel
Paula Cristofalo
Silvia Cruz
Sabine Cullmann

Clara Dallaire-Fortier
Michel Dalmas
Rani Jeanne Dang
Jaouad Daoudi
Adebola Daramola
Odessa Dariel
Elodie de Boissieu
Gabriele De Luca
Luiz Fernando de Paula
Mark De Reuver
Aurelle de Romemont
Annick De Witt
Romain Debref
Saadet Deger
Jochen Dehio
Rob Dekkers
Isabelle Delalex
Robert Delargy
Lorena Delgado
Marc-Hubert Depret
Céline Desmarais
Luca Dezi
Luca Dezi
Karima Dhaouadi
Luiz Carlos Di Serio
Christian Dianoux
Josefine Diekhof
Weinan Ding
Abdelkader Djeflat
Faridah Djellal
Victoria V. Dobrynskaya
Mario J. Donate
Victor dos Santos Paulino
Victor Dos Santos Paulino
Victor Dos Santos Paulino
Josselin Droff
Viviane du Castel
Igor Dubina
Emmanuelle Dubocage
Sandra Dubouloz
Sandra Dubouloz
Diego Dueñas
Ivan Dufeu
Béatrice Dumont
Laurent Dupont
Laurent Dupont
Laurent Dupont
Olivier Dupouët
Cédric Durand
Vanessa Durand
Pavel Durchev

Henrik Egbert
Moez El Elj
Nabil El Hilali
Najoua Elommal
Jean-Claude Englebert
Manon Enjolras
Octavio R. Escobar
Carmen Escudero Guirado
Karine Evrard Samuel

Alice Falchi
Salvatore Farace
Guy Faure
Mathilde Fautras
Andrew Fearne
Anne-Sophie Fernandez
Jesús Ferreiro
Marco Ferretti
Marie Ferru
Giuseppe Festa
Catherine Figuière
Sylvain Fleury
Leticia Foerster
Joëlle Forest
Stéphane Fournier
Stéphane Fournier
Emmanuel Fragnière
Daniel Françoise
Jacob A. Franz
Koen Frenken
Zied Ftiti
Lars Fuglsang

David Gago
Fragiskos Gaitis
James K. Galbraith
Delphine Gallaud
Jorge Gallego
Danielle Galliano
Faïz Gallouj
Daniel Galvez
Jorge Tello Gamarra
Romain Gandia
Claire Garcia
Renaud Garcia-Bardidia
Constance Garnier
Giuseppe Garofalo
Chrystelle Gaujard
Brigitte Gay
Claudine Gay
Kouamé Casimir Gboko
Eleonora Gentilucci
Valentine Georget
Khatereh Ghasemzadeh
Frédéric Gilbert
Dejan Glavas
Benoît Godin
Amélie Gonçalves
Jhalak Gope
Stéphane Goria
Cédric Gossart
Frédéric Goulet
S. K. Goyal
Carmen Goytre Castro
Caroline Granier
Anne Gratacap
Silja Graupe
Matthias Greiff
Corinne Grenier
Susanne Gretzinger
Sandra Grèzes
Olga Grieva
Paul David Richard Griffiths
John Groenewegen
Gilles Grolleau
Pascal Grouiez
Pascal Grouiez
Fatima Guadamillas
Benjamin Guimond
Claude Guittard

Rym Hachana
Hicham M. Hachem
Walid Hadhri
Georgia Hadjipavlou
Saliha Hadna
Alexander Haering
Joachim Hafkesbrink
Kazue Haga
Ahmad Haidar
Lise Lillebrygfjeld Halse
Amina Hamani
Abdelilah Hamdouch
Hakim Hammadou
Wafa Hammedi
Thor-Erik Sandberg Hanssen
Alaa Hassan
Mehera Hassan
Carolyn J. Hatch
Bernard Haudeville
Feng He
Kevin Heanue
Veronica Hector
Sandrine Heitz-Spahn
Jean-Alain Héraud
Rémy Herrera
Lubica Hikkerova
Dieter Hillairet
Ellen Hillbom
Annette Hilt
Karen Hinojosa
Jacob Hochhaus
Hervé Hudebine
Caroline Hussler
Severine Husson

Ana Iglesias
Carlos Iglesias
Marc Ingham
Thierry Isckia

Marc Jaillot
Corinne Janicot
Ronald Janssen-Timmen
Björn Jindra
Roland Jochem
Vess L. Johnson
Pierre-Benoît Joly
Anne Jørgensen Nordli
Nicolas Jullien
Aymeric Jung

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Sanjeev Kapoor
Waldemar Karpa
Johan Kask
Fedoua Kasmi
Kerul Kassel
William Kennedy
Francis Kern
Marouane Khallouk
Insaf Khelladi
Soufiane Kherrazi
Son Thi Kim Le
Ozge Kirezli
Igor Kitaev
Mark Knell
Andrea Knierim
Cindy Kohtala
Lars Kolvereid
Galina Kondrateva
Hanen Kooli-Chaabane
Agnieszka Kosinska
Sarah Kösters
Maria Ioanna Koukou
Alex Koutsouris
Sergey Kovalev
Victor Krivorotov
Pim Krom
Muhamed Kudic
Andreas Külschbach
Patrick Küpper
Moïse Kwa

Pauline Lacour
Anne-Laurence Lafont
Valérie Laforest
Soulaimane Laghzaoui
Amine Lahiani
Pierre Lamard
Wadid Lamine
Stephanie Lang
Catherine Lanoë
Paul Lanoie
Blandine Laperche
Matteo Lascialfari
Olivier Lasmoles
Sophie Latrille
Isabelle Laurin
David Lazarevic
Christian Le Bas
Marc Le Coq
Gaël Le Hir
Séverine Le Loarne-Lemaire
Sandrine Le Pontois
Serge Le Roux
Son Thi Kim Le
Ronan Le Velly
Anneliese Lecouteux
Bénédicte Lefebvre
Gilliane Lefebvre
Birgit Leick
Birgit Leick
Tobias Leiting
Catherine Lejealle
Daniele Leone
Yves-Claude Lequin
Christophe Lerch
Denis Lescop
Matheus Eduardo Leusin
Jérémy Lévêque
Kevin Levillain
Nadine Levratto
Sébastien Liarte
Nicolas Liberat
Christina Ligda
Marcos Lima
Sun Limvorasak
Isabelle Liotard
Douglas Lippoldt
Douglas C. Lippoldt
Siqi Liu
Zeting Liu
Patrick Llerena
Raquel Llorente
Leandro J. Llorente-González
Astorino Loann
Allison Loconto
Dominique Loise
Zhiming Long
André Lorentz
Sylvie Lupton

Aline Machado da Matta
Stuart Mackenzie
Catherine Macombe
Marie-Benoît Magrini
Jonas Lucio Maia
Pasqualina Malafronte
Magali Malherbe
Delphine Manceau
Riadh Manita
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Elise Marcandella
Brunelle Marche
Michel Marchesnay
Josip Maric
Giovanni Marin
Carlos Martínez de Ibarreta Zorita
Javier Martinez
Frédéric Marty
Gustavo Masera
Joëlle Mastelic
Sylvie Matelly
Syndhia Mathé
Jean Matouk
Mireille Matt
Jan Mattsson
Carole Maurel
Frédérique Mayer
Massimiliano Mazzanti
Tim Mazzarol
Fernanda Mazzotta
Sondes Mbarek
Maureen McKelvey
Galina Medyna
Salma Mefteh-Wali
Olivier Meier
Stefan Meisiek
Stefania Mele
Valérie Mérindol
Céline Merlin-Brogniart
Valéry Merminod
François-Xavier Meunier
Kodjenini Augustin Mian
Jean-Pierre Micaëlli
Fanny Michaud
Robert Mies
Sophie Mignon
Glen Millot
Hristo Milyakov
Anne Mione
Susie Mitchell
Dave Mobhe Bokoko
David Monciardini
Emmanuel Monfort
Michelle Mongo
Jean-Louis Monino
Surender Mor
Pascal Morand
Laure Morel
Laure Morel
Perguiseppe Morone
Rabeh Morrar
Jean-Claude Mouret
Fatma Mrad
Matthias Müller
Stephan Müller
Francis Munier
Monika Musial
Naoufel Mzoughi
Hatem M’Henni

Simon Nadel
Tharwa Najar
Fatiha Naoui-Outini
Wim Naudé
Maximilien Nayaradou
Hycenth Tim Ndah
Babacar Ndiaye
Daniel Neicu
Sabine Neuberger
Marion Neukam
Giulia Nevi
Giulia Nevi
Christian-Lambert Nguena
Paulo Niederle
Nirjhar Nigam
Guénola Nonet
Nathalie Nyffeler

Beyza Oba
Sıla Öcalan Özel
Quentin Oget
Ewan Oiry
Nessrine Omrani
Waleed Omri
Luis Orozco
Roland Ortt
Roland J. Ortt
Ferney Osorio
Georgia Ouzounidou

Manfred Paier
Delhi Paiva
Marc Pallot
Ricardo Palma
Pedro Palominos
Thomas Paris
Guy Parmentier
Laure-Anne Parpaleix
Jiten Patel
Céline Patouillard
Bertrand Pauget
Elisabeth Paulet
Sônia Paulino
Sônia Regina Paulino
Florin Paun
Joshua M. Pearce
Irina Peaucelle
Philippe Pédelahore
Sanja Pekovic
José Ismael Peña
Hongxia Peng
Julien Pénin
Patrick Pennefather
Angeles Pereira
Stéphanie Peres
Yvon Pesqueux
Luis Peters
Francesca Petrella
Victoria Pettibone
Linh Pham
Fabienne Picard
Antoine Pierre
Julien Pillot
Francisco Pinto
Josep Pinyol Alberich
Laura Piscicelli
Anastasia Pistofidou
Sylvain Plouffe
Anne Plunket
Dominic Soami Pokperlaar
Nathalie Popiolek
Louise Potvin
Benjamin Poussard
Vesa Puhakka
Nonthapat Pulsiri
Andreas Pyka

Adrien Querbes-Revier
Sylvain Quiedeville

Jiwat Ram
Julio Ramos-Tallada
Randolf Ramseyer
Anju Rani
Marcin Rataj
Jacques-Laurent Ravix
Thierry Rayna
Sophie Reboud
Pierre Régibeau
Naqeeb Ur Rehman
Fernanda Maciel Reichert
Fransesc Relano
Valérie Revest
Ludovic Rheault
Guillaume Richard
Philippe Richard
Colin Richardson
Nadine Richez-Battesti
Simon Richir
Giorgia Rivieccio
Marc Robert
Katharine Rockett
Nathalie Rodet-Kroichvili
Florence Rodhain
Mercedes Rodriguez
Fabien Rose
Federica Rossi
Michael Rothgang
Susanne Royer
Jean-Claude Ruano-Borbalan
Luis Rubalcaba
François Ruf
François Ruf
Emilie Ruiz
Petko Ruskov
Aude Rychalski

Jean-Michel Sahut
Véronique Saint-Ges
Maïder Saint-Jean
Isabel Salavisa
Kazeem Joshua Salawu
Victoriya Salomon
Ivan Samson
Carlos Sandoval
Filipa Santos
Alessandro Sapio
Francesco Saraceno
Ayca Sarialioglu Hayali
Jean-François Sattin
Annunziata Savoia
James E. Sawyer
Arnaud Scaillerez
Véronique Schaeffer
Roland Schegg
Eric Schenk
Francesco Schiavone
Francesco Schiavone
Andrea Schiffauerova
Michael P. Schlaile
Markus Schroll
Michael Schumacher
Elysé A. Segbotangni
Blanche Segrestin
Somnath Sen
Juan Sepulveda
Claude Serfati
Felipe Serrano
Eric Seulliet
Said Shah
Scott Shane
Supran Kumar Sharma
Fatima Shuwaikh
Béatrice Siadou-Martin
Shamim Siddiqui
Mário Rui Silva
Christophe Simon
Fanny Simon
Maike Simon
Michele Simoni
Scott Sinclair
Surender Singh
Gaurav Sinha
Aïssatou Sitta Adamou
André Slowak
Beth Smith
Richard Smith
Rogério Sobreira
Flemming Sørensen
Irene Sotiropoulou
Nawalyath Soulé Adam
Geoffrey Soutar
Mohit Srivastava
Cynthia Srnec
Robert Stefanski
Alexis Steiner
Phoebe Stephens
Hannu Stewart
Volker Stich
Lea F. Stöber
Matthias Stolze
Kajetan Stransky-Can
Silvia Regina Stuchi Cruz
Shimeng Sun
Siyao Sun
Bérangère L. Szostak

Mamadou T. Diallo
Ghada Tabbah
Sofiane Tahi
Safdar Husain Tahir
Ilia Taktak-Kallel
Steve Talbot
Stoyan Tanev
Audrey Tanguy
Corinne Tanguy
Vieri Tarchiani
Mario D. Tello
Ludovic Temple
Patrick Ternaux
Géraldine Thevenot
Mai Thi Thanh Thai
Delphine Thivet
Laetitia Thomas
Julie Thomson
Alain Tihon
Jean-Michel Tobelem
Aurélie Toillier
Marja Toivonen
André Torre
Jean-Marc Touzard
Donia Trabelsi
Diane-Gabrielle Tremblay
Roberta Tresca
Pierre Triboulet
Bernard Triomphe
Peter Troxler
Gesine Tuitjer
Thiresia-Teresa Tzatzani
Irene Tzouramani

Faruk Ülgen
Muhammad Rizwan Ullah
Sophie Urmetzer
Dimitri Uzunidis

Malika Van De Weerd
Marianne Van Der Steen
Thi Hong Van Hoang
Elizardo Vasquez
Xavier Vence
Ben Vermeulen
Marie-France Vernier
Stéphane Veyer
Sonia Veyssiere
Sveinn Vidar Gudmundsson
Pedro Videira
David Virapin
David Virapin
Linh-Chi Vo
Nick Von Tunzelmann

Élisabeth Walliser
Wenjun Wang
Delphine Wannenmacher
Olaf Weber
Joel West
Geoffrey Whittam
Eelke Wielinga
Ulrich Witt
Patrick Wolf
Steven A. Wolf
Dominique Wolff
Lisa Wood
Richard W. Woolridge

Kreshnik Xhangolli

Lamia Yacoub
Dorra Yahiaoui
Bernard Yannou
Hélène Yildiz
Hoi Ying Wong
Ouidad Yousfi

Stefano Zambon
Elena Zarokosta
Paulo Antônio Zawislak
Jean-Benoît Zimmermann
Célia Zyla

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